A2
Creatine monohydrate
- Product declaration
- Creatine monohydrate: 3000 mg
- Selected studied range
- 3000 to 5000 mg
- Protocol and duration
- per day maintenance, after an optional loading phase
- Studied context
- The ISSN 2017 position stand calls creatine monohydrate "the most effective ergogenic nutritional supplement currently available to athletes" for increasing high-intensity/intermittent exercise capacity and lean body mass during training. It also describes research into post-exercise recovery, injury prevention, thermoregulation, rehabilitation, concussion/spinal-cord neuroprotection, and use in clinical populations (aging-related sarcopenia, neurodegenerative disease, type 2 diabetes glycemic control), while noting creatine is "of little value" for pure endurance sports (per NIH ODS).
- Limitations
- ISSN 2017 states it is not yet established whether other creatine forms (e.g., creatine nitrate, or precursors like guanidinoacetic acid/GAA) produce greater muscle or brain creatine uptake than monohydrate. This is described as an active area of research, not a settled finding.
Selected evidence: ISSN position stand on creatine safety and efficacy, 2017 · Open source